Hence my comment about applying the test signal quickly, not leaving them connected for a long time. Tap it and watch the needle, it'll tell you a lot about the meter movement watching it jump to full deflection and back to center.
I am sure you COULD damage a meter, but after years of doing that I have yet to do so. It does however do an awesome job of identifying meters that are prone to getting stuck at higher deflection, which a less dynamic signal does not always tell you. Tandberg VU meters are an example of that.
Having said that, you can also just use a variable DC power supply and start from zero, and throw a high value resistor in series to current-limit that source.
John