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Audio Research D115 Mk2 restoration tale

ronenash

New Member
Hello all,

I recently received this amp for repair. It was an interesting journey which I documented on the following blog post for those interested:

This builds on Dave's ARC Mystery Amp thread from a decade ago.

Hope you enjoy it.
 
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Shipping is a chronic problem with heavy stuff, people simply don't know how to pack items correctly and the carriers don't handle things gently enough to account for it. The D70 MK2 I recently worked on has some damage to the edges of the faceplate and the two angle brackets that tie the upper handle screw back to the chassis were both badly bent. I did what i could to remove the finger-slicer burrs off the faceeplate edge but there are only so many miracles to be done. I was able to flatten the brackets back out. I don't know the history on that end of it since it was handed to me but its obvious somewhere in this amp's history it was handled at least somewhat roughly.

I had some other problems with it that ultimately traced to bad connections and broken solder, highly possible the physical damage was related.

also can concur on the biasing procedure being at least mildly terrifying and all but impossible without long probes. Probably even worse on the D115, but its not a picnic on a D70 either. Those Fluke long grabber probes came in clutch for that job.
 
Further positing here, now that I've had some lunch and had time to process it

curious why removing the inverter tube dispensed with the thump. Unless its because the surge goes in common mode and cancels? The phase inverter would be the "odd" stage in that respect. A noise there wouldn't have anything to cancel it out.
 
It's a good question which I did not investigate further but my assumption is similar to yours. I think it has to do with the fact that the two "amps" in the balanced design are not identical when you have the phase inverted inserted. That likely creates a small time delay between the two amplification paths that upon powering down manifests itself as a thumping noise through the speakers. When the two amps in the channel are identical its likely cancelled out.

I am also not clear why ARC would go through the trouble of creating a fully balanced amplifier doubling the number of parts just to use it with a single ended input.
 
Did their preamps of the time have balanced output? This D70 is paired with an SP9, which does not. I don't think the SP3 family does either, but frankly thats where any familiarity I have with ARC gear ends.
 
I think the D115 represented a change of direction for ARC and as you said they probably did not have balanced preamps to feed it at the time. Incidentally, their current balanced amp designs do not differ much from the D115 which goes to show the longevity of this design. I would expect them to give both options as balanced was their direction moving forward. Oh well. The change to balanced inputs is certainly worthwhile if you have the preamp to feed it.
 
I am also not clear why ARC would go through the trouble of creating a fully balanced amplifier doubling the number of parts just to use it with a single ended input.

Push pull amplifiers are essentially balanced designs, they just add a phase splitter in order to work as a single ended input.

Most Audio Research designs use a cross-coupled circuit, which is the reason for the added complexity. They also use balanced feedback.
 
I don't believe this is accurate. You are correct in saying that the push/pull output stage can be considered balanced however a true balanced amplifier from input to output can be thought of as two bridged single ended amplifiers with both + and - speaker terminals being hot. A true balanced amplifier will require no phase splitters as the two phases will run separate until it reaches the speaker or the OPT in the case of a tube amplifier.

Most Audio Research designs use a cross-coupled circuit, which is the reason for the added complexity. They also use balanced feedback.

This is of course accurate. The separate feedback lines are the result of having essentially two separate amplifiers each with its own feedback loop.
 
Ronenash -- Thanks for providing your adventures with the D115. Working on one is always a memorable experience!

I would offer a couple of comments to the conversation:

1. Your modification to run the unit with balanced inputs no doubt returned superb results. In my own project, I had never had an ARC piece on my bench before, so I was focused on just trying to get it to square one. However, it was rather obvious from the get-go that the goal of the previous owner of the "Parts and Pieces" collection was also in fact to modify the design to provide for a balanced input, since all of the phase inverter components previously installed had been removed. Of course, he never got very far with that effort as the pics showed for the condition it was in when I purchased it.

It was quite interesting to me that other than for compensating for the heater issue, the unit actually operates quite well with a single ended input and the phase inverter tube removed (!) -- because the cross-coupled stages effectively then became the phase inverters. Performance was certainly better with the phase inverter tube in place, but the unit would still deliver nearly 90 watts per channel (both driven) with the phase inverter tube removed from its socket.

2. I have no doubt that eliminating the phase inverter stage did in fact eliminate the audible cannon shot thump at shut down, as then all the remaining amplifier stages operate in a fully symmetrical fashion with their counterpart on the opposite side of the push-pull connection. Any bumps and thumps created on each side then cancel out in the OPT to effectively eliminate any such pulses in the speaker. In terms of saving the speakers connected to these amplifiers then, going to a balanced input will certainly get the job done.

What I would add however is that while that does save the speakers, it still leaves the output tubes subjected to the large pulses created when the regulators powering the small signal stages -- with their high gain error feedback loops -- collapse out of regulation at shut down. In my unit, tests at the time showed that while removing the phase inverter tube did in fact eliminate the speaker pulse, all the output tubes still endured a significant inaudible shutdown pulse that in my experience, proves to be a real output tube killer. It is particularly hard on the tubes in the D115 because of the huge capacitance in the main B+ supply maintaining significant B+ voltage levels even when the power is initially removed, and the number of regulators involved, coupled with the output tube heaters cooling down with the power removed from them. This causes the electron cloud that forms around the cathode which normally supplies all of the electrons needed for normal current flow in the tubes to quickly diminish, allowing any large pulses during this time to draw electrons directly from the cathode, which causes significant damage to it. In my own tests many years ago, brand new GE 6550A tubes subjected to similar conditions were effectively dead after just 250 hours of otherwise normal power cycling and use. For this reason, I chose to resolve the pulse in the manner I did with my own D115 to eliminate the turn off pulse it otherwise creates. As a result, the original Sylvania manufactured 6550A tubes I first installed in the amplifier are still installed, none have failed with normal weekly power cycling, and at last test (@ ~ 2200 hrs of use), all still produce an average of 94% of Average New Power Output levels for vintage American manufactured tubes in my power output tube tester. Most D115 amplifiers have either blown up or burned out numerous sets of output tubes long before this amount of use time has been seen.

Dave
 
Hello all,

I recently received this amp for repair. It was an interesting journey which I documented on the following blog post for those interested:

This builds on Dave's ARC Mystery Amp thread from a decade ago.

Hope you enjoy it.
Fantastic read, I am in a similar boat working on a VT130. Can I ask why the KT-120s? I have read a ton of posts and their seems to be those that say "yes" you can use different tubes other then then 6550s and those that are adamant of only using 6550s.
 
I believe only the regulator tube was changed to a KT120. The 6550 is overly stressed in that spot in stock form, so the KT120 provides a nice upgrade in plate dissipation rating.

Doesn't look like a VT130 uses a tube for a regulator circuit so not really an issue there.
 
Dave,

Thank you for your response. Your OG Mystery Amp thread was a very educational and interesting read. I am curious how the amp can work properly without the phase inverter V1 tube in it's original form. It might make sound but it will most likely not sound right. I can say from experience that going to fully balanced configuration does sound better. It does of course require a true balanced preamplifier.

As for the output tube argument, I have not seen any discussions on short lived tubes in these amps. I am not super familiar with ARC amps but have a deep knowledge of conrad johnson amplifiers of all generations and can say that CJ have used regulated power supplies for the input and phase splitter stages from day one and it was never an issue.
I realize the D115 has very large storage caps (3200uf) on the B+ for the output tubes but so do the regulated supplies. With 1700uf of storage, I suspect it will outlive the output stage storage as the current is much lower. I do agree that the 6550 path through tube is severely under spec'd but going for a KT120 tubes solves this problem as you have clearly mentioned. Have you tested the voltages on the output B+ and regulated supplies with two separate meters at shutdown? That would indicate if regulated supplies die out long before that output stage supplies. Its something I will need to test. I would be surprised if this is the case as the amp continues to play music for about 10 seconds after shutdown and dies out slowly. I will say that with the 6550 path through tubes I saw flashes in the tubes and other strange behaviors. Moving to the KT120 solved all this.

I am a bit hesitant to complicate an already too complicated amplifier even further. Its interesting to see the design philosophy difference bet wen ARC and CJ. CJ using super simple circuits with the highest quality parts available at the time of production whereas ARC uses basic parts and very complex circuits. I would still chose the former but have to admit the ARC gear I have experienced did sound very good, D115 included and going to a fully balanced signal path does have its advantages. I think I will take my chances with the output tubes for now. I should get to 250 hours very quickly and will provide feedback on any issues if they arise.

One last point, I have left the 475K input load resistors in place. I know later models have 100K or 200K load resistors used. How critical do you think changing these would be?

As always, very interested in hearing your knowledgeable feedback.

Ronen
 
the cross-coupled setup is a form of a differential amplifier, so it will amplify the difference between the input grids if needed up to the limits of it's ability. If one input grid has zero signal, you get output that is an amplified difference of zero volts and whatever the input signal is, up to the limits of how much voltage it can swing on the cathode side to drive the "dead" input.

so not real surprised it works, but also won't make full power. It just runs out of ability to compensate for the mismatch in signals.
 
I believe only the regulator tube was changed to a KT120. The 6550 is overly stressed in that spot in stock form, so the KT120 provides a nice upgrade in plate dissipation rating.

Doesn't look like a VT130 uses a tube for a regulator circuit so not really an issue there.

Correct. Only the regulator tubes was changed to KT120. The output tubes in any ARC amp I have seen are not run very hard at all so a 6550 tube will not be stressed at all. Chose the tube you like for output. I am not a huge fan of the KT120 sound as an output tubes but is serves great in the D115 for the regulator tube.

One thing I did not mention, when using the KT120 for the regulator tube in the D115, the tube cage will touch the top of the KT120, not a good thing. I ended up putting gaskets between the tube cage and the chassis to lift the tubes cage by a few millimeters.
 
In the D115, only the output plates are decoupled by electrolytic caps -- the rest of the voltage sources are not decoupled by any electrolytic caps at all-- rather intentionally. It was a design goal of Johnson's to let the low source impedance of the various regulator circuits perform the decoupling function, which was a concept that he carried throughout most of his vacuum tube designs.

Gadget is absolutely correct: The cross-coupled stages are effectively diff amps by function (not exactly, but close enough for this conversation), so that they can "nearly" compensate for the complete loss of one side of their input signal. As such, operating normally, they are extremely effective in providing a highly balanced push-pull drive signal. The purpose for the AC Balance control is therefore only for the purpose of accounting for slight differences in output stage AC balance, itself largely being taken care of by the push-pull NFB to the cathodes of those tubes. The whole thing -- complicated as it is -- is truly a very elegant and well thought out design, such that when coupled with the very high caliber transformers employed, redefined the idea of "cost no object" in its day. By specification capability, it is very capable of giving the competing comparable Mac products of the day a solid run for their money.

Regarding the turn off pulse, by the time this project came along, I had long since established (for myself) the process of determining the presence of a turn off pulse (or not) by looking at the glow of the output tubes in a darkened room when the amplifier is shut down. Watching the bass driver cone is also another good indicator. Normally, any visible pulse in the beam glow of the output tubes or movement of the bass driver cone at shutdown is a sure fire indicator of the presence of a turn off pulse. For this conversation however, with the phase inverter stage out of the circuit, any bass driver cone movement will be nullified for the reasons discussed. Only the presence of an output tube pulse can then be used in this instance. For me, the damaging effects of the pulse were so real in my original tests, that if there is any presence of a pulse at all in any design, I take whatever steps are necessary to eliminate it.

Dave
 
That lack of decoupling is why I had problems with the D70. The grid resistor that controlled the 6550 regulator was open, which meant it couldn't regulate and made for an effectively high source impedance. That cascaded through the whole thing and made it act generally stupid, much like bad filter caps would in a conventional design.
 
Dave, gadget,

I can confirm I do see a faint blue flash when powering down the amp. To what extent this is a tube killer I do not know but rely on your experience. I will look into adding a relay for delayed start.

Thank you.
 
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