I suspect we're dealing with a body that was designed for OEMing-- that is, it could be configured MI or MM depending on what the client wanted. That circle is exactly where a magnet face would be on certain Nagaoka and even ADC cartridges.
Check for a magnet in your blue stylus with a straight pin or an unbent staple. Hold the stylus so the brass tube points down and slide the pin up into it. If you feel a magnet tugging on the pin and the pin stays up in the tube when you let go, it's moving-magnet.
Choices at this point:
1 ) stop everything, cut your losses and move on, as originally counselled;
2 ) try the blue stylus ($9 shipped) which at least more closely resembles your original;
3 ) sit tight and hope we get a clue about the maker of that body. I've been roaming through old cartridge photos online without much success, although I've seen some that are close. I even own one, a Sony, that's close but not close enough.