I confirm, these are RCA connectors. For connection to the receiver, you need a good cable with low capacitance and low microphonic effect. The cables that came with your Dual turntable were thin and looked cheap but did the job perfectly, use them if you still have them and if they look in good condition. The thick cables and connectors that are fashionable today are not any better, and very often worse as cartridge interconnects. Moreover their bulky connectors are often larger than the spacing between these sockets.
Your sockets are very heavily tarnished and will not make even a half-decent contact. Moreover, wiping them with alcohol or a contact cleaner will not remove such a layer of oxide. The common effective solution is to use metal polish, such as Belgom in France/Belgium or Brasso in Anglo-Saxon countries. You need to deoxidize the outer ground connection and the central signal contact too. Many people use a fiberglass scratch brush, but this cannot reach the central contact and the oxide will quickly come back, so it is mostly useless on the long term. Some operators like SNCF in France prohibit scratching the contacts for this reason, and have specific relay/connector cleaning kits. Another option is to change them for new sockets that can fit that metal part, possibly via a new DIY terminal plate.