When you're measuring DC voltage - you do. Practically everything but line voltage, incandescent illumination circuits and signal paths are DC. Nevertheless, you're gonna have to learn how to measure current in series pretty soon if you want to debug any of it and be able to recognize where AC is.
It's not. On this board it's STV-4H. and it's the diodes that piggy back the TR-13/TR-14 power transistors heat sinks.
You pull at least one leg out of circuit and use the DMM diode test to read forward voltage. You'll need to distinguish anode from cathode for this. You're also going to need to identify simple rectifier diodes, Zener diodes, temp/co diodes and other vintage beasts like the red dotted VD1212's and older Germanium diodes.
No. Transistors are bi-polar junctions, like 2 diodes hooked together in a special configuration and they have 3 'legs'. You're gonna have to look it up, identify the collector, base and emitter and learn how to test PNP and NPN transistors using a DMM, or purchase a simple component tester. For most intents and purposes, you're going to have to pull them out of circuit as well.
It sure looks like it, unless the first band is red instead of brown or one of the black bands is something else.
The other half is
downloadable for free and it says it's a 10Ω resistor. The 4 band color code also seems to agree with the 10Ω value and you're gonna have to learn about it too. When you're done, enter the domain of capacitors.
You sure picked the wrong unit to start learning. These are the pinnacle of electronics of 70's home amplification equipment and you landed smack on the driver amp. Not a good choice! Perhaps start with simpler projects or invite a knowledgeable pal for a basic 101. Look up a simple tool named a 'dim bulb tester' (DBT) which is a basic current limiting gizmo, and build your self one for peanuts. It's easy and it's practically a life saver and would sure help you not frying your unit by accident.
You're welcome!