Yes, marble is very resonant, as stones go. It would be much better to use something like soapstone or slate, which due to their structure are much less resonant. Granite is in-between. You'd have to damp the heck out of those, doing something like, yes, lining them with tar and packing them with fiberglass, to make them sound good.
An expensive waste of marble, except, as was suggested, for an AKer's tomb!
A GOOD speaker material can be made from mixing marble dust and perhaps a few other "fillers" with resin, and casting the cabinet. The bases of the famed "marble" Kenwood turntables were made that way. Such mixtures can be worked and shaped, similar to corian, but can be better acoustically, and can look a lot like real marble. Since they are cast, you could also add sculptural details, like the bas-relief in the OP. I knew a guy with a factory in Pakistan whose factory made cast sinks, tubs, birdbaths and other fixtures from this kind of stuff, mostly for the Middle East market. Too bad I never thought to ask him to make me some speaker cabinets! LOL