The attenuators themselves are simple 20K pots (potentiometers). If you have an ohmmeter, you could verify that you measure 20,000 ohms between the two outer terminals of the pot, and somewhere between 0 and 20,000 between the center terminal and either of the outer ones. (The latter measurements will depend on where the attenuator is set.) You need to make this kind of test with the power off. Luckily, the variable inputs are disconnected in the power-off state, so there won't be anything to "confuse" the ohmmeter readings.
I think it is more likely that there's a connection problem, either between the variable input jacks and the attenuator, or between the attenuator and the amplifier input. You could test the first connection by using the ohmmeter to measure between the center and ring terminals of the variable input jacks, again with the power off. That measurement should be 20,000 ohms.
The second connection, between the attenuator and the amplifier input, is made by a relay that engages when you switch to variable. If the above tests don't detect any problems, then I think it's a fair bet that the relay is bad.
Hope this helps,
chazix