The 312 and 12TRXB are roughly comparable, I'd opine... although it's tricky as there were definitely multiple generations of the latter (the early, "brown" basket and the later more substantial looking "white" basket), and probably of the former, too.
Neither of these are high-end coaxes of their era.
Here's the scoop on early versions of both...
312:
http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/catalogs/1960/ page 54 $71.54
12TRXB:
http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/catalogs/1960/ page 50 $64.68
Expect fairly high Fs and Qts, and not so extended (and, in the TRXB's case, at least, fairly aggressive) treble. Either would benefit greatly from new crossover capacitors. Diaphragms for the 12TRXB tweeter are available (although I think at this point they're all aftermarket - worth checking with EV, though).
Here's the EV datasheet on the early version of the 12TRX and 12TRXB:
http://archives.telex.com/archives/EV/Speakers/EDS/12TRX & 12TRXB EDS.pdf
The 12TRX would be in another league entirely, as would the Altec 601 Duplex (although the tweeter used in the latter is notoriously fragile).
FWIW, I like the even more modest EV "Wolverine" LT-12 coax at least as much as the 12TRXB.
By the way, in case the OP didn't know, EV and University ultimately ended up under the same ownership
www.telex.com