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What is Resolution?

To me resolution is hearing all the instruments in the mix for a studio recording and (in addition) as much as possible of the venue for a live recording.

The example I would use are songs I've heard on the radio many times that I suddenly realize had a background singer on it or cymbals or a melodic bassline. That to me, is the whole point of having good equipment.
 
I'll use an illustration I've discussed before. My younger son has two Masters in Music, one in performance. I have listened to countless hours of practice by him and also his brother, who plays french horn. My son with music degrees plays trombone. He worked very hard to develop a very nice tone.

Interestingly enough, if you stand beside him, the tone doesn't sound good. It's edgy, almost nasty. However, if you hear him in a concert hall where you are sitting 10 rows back and there's 30 or 40 feet between you and him, the tone is sublime. Karl is smart enough and talented enough to adjust the tone so it is right for the listener in the correct environment and not pleasing to his ear or someone standing nearby.

That's the problem with some modern recordings. I've got a great recording of Anne Sophie Mutter playing encore pieces. The sound has a lot of "resolution", down to being able to hear the bow on the string in some quiet passages. It's similar to what I hear when I play violin, but not like an audience member would hear. I find the super resolution, probably from her being close miked, distracting and unrealistic. It's worse on my systems that are very accurate and revealing.

The bottom line is a prefer a more "laid back" sound to one that is "super resolving". I listen to enjoy the music, not revel in how my system can resolve gnat farts. There is a happy medium between accurate reproduction (super resolution) and laid back reproduction that lacks some nuance.

I definitely do not want any gnat farts coming out of my system either! That's funny
 
I like the optics analogy, and use sight to describe what I like in a system. I like to be able to "see" into the recording. I've had speakers that were a little bright for my tastes. They may have resolved more, but they also put a little bit of "glare" on the treble. That glare was like looking through a slightly reflective window, which prevented me from "seeing in depth" into the sound. They also made it seem as though I was standing right at the front of the stage. I prefer a system that make me feel like I'm three rows back, but I can still "see" the sounds clearly from the back of the stage.

A system can have great resolution, but should also have a pleasing presentation, and that's all in the ear of the beholder.
 
"Resolution" has a very specific meaning in optics; not so much in audiophile linguistics.
The analogy would probably be sampling rate (in terms of frequency) or number of bits (in terms of amplitude, or more accurately - I think - dynamic range) resolution in the digital domain. In the analog domain, I am less sure :-)
 
The clarity of detail in distinguishing the tones is my perception of what resolution is.
 
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