I'll bet the Sansui tube gear is made in China and is simply an old "name" on some Chinese gear. Like Marantz. Makes me wonder the same thing about the Pioneer and Luxman. My guess is the Yamaha is made in Japan as Yamaha has survivied relatively well through the years. Pioneer seems to have, as well. But, Luxman has gone belly-up a couple of times. Not sure about Sansui.