I see there is an RCA cable between the processor in and out and the main output goes to the amp. These connections will get the signal out of the preamp.
Do you have anything that can be a high level input? Tuner, receiver tape output, phone music of something? You have talked about using phono and it requires an additional gain stage and using a high level input on the preamp will bypass that.
Have you opened the amp to look at the pile of fuses to verify they are good? Back panel fuses just drop the output almost all the way but still some noise can get through (from memory, been years since those have fried in my DH-200s). The internal fuses control the rail voltage to the amps an can silence the amp. There is also the main fuse which would keep the on-off switch from illuminating if it was blown, I think.