It's very rarely leakage. For one, the smaller caps don't really have enough electrolyte to leak, only the really large ones do. Second, electrolyte leakage, when exposed to oxygen, tends to dry and leave deposits that look a lot like the grunge that builds up around your car battery terminals. And it is easily removed from the board. The stuff that sticks to the board and must be scraped or wire-brushed off is -wait for it- dried glue. But, this glue can also react with the metal leads of the caps and other nearby components and create corrosion (perhaps leading to some confusion about the origin of the substance), but the method here is quite different than leaking electrolyte.
Bottom line is, if it's stuck like glue to the PC board, well, you now know that it is indeed glue.