Is that the GS changer that stops the platter, drops the record, then starts again? Thats a neat mechanism.
input jacks to the selector. Output from the selector to the "top" of the volume pot, wiper of the volume pot to the grid of the 7199, which is what should have originally connected to the input jacks. "bottom" of the volume pot goes to ground. You could probably use a 100k-250k volume pot.
Yes, you can use one universal ground anywhere on the chassis but for noise or hum sake, it is best to have all your grounds at the center tap or close to it. Also make sure you keep those resistors at each positive point because they are the dropping resistors used for the different voltages through out the preamp circuitry.
"D" is the cathode bypass capacitor and you can use a separate capacitor there. This is usually one inside the can labeled as 50uF @ 25VDC.
EDIT: FYI, the can capacitor has four individual capacitors housed inside one unit. Inside, their negatives are connected together and connected to the outer can itself. The positives are the "A", "B", "C" and "D" designations on the schematic. Some people who replace these either like to replace the whole can while others will replace them with individual one's while others will stuff the old can and keep everything original looking.
Sounds more like a loose connection. Might want to use a wood stick to poke around in there to see if anything shakes loose. Could also be dirty tube sockets if you haven't cleaned those.
what frequency is the hum?
More likely either wire routing or a ground loop problem. Normally with a star ground you have one connection to chassis, not two. The flying wire leads might also be an issue. They appear to loop around in there a lot. If the have any power connections they need to be routed away from signal leads.
The leads coming out through holes in the chassis, are those the speaker connections? If the negative side of that isn't connected to chassis it won't behave itself properly either. The feedback system stops working without the transformer secondary grounded, and that can cause some strange behavior.
smartphone and an instrument tuner app might get it done. There's an app for everything, I'd be surprised if something of that nature didn't exist.
Failing all else, touch the input wire with your finger while the volume is up some. That will be 60. If the hum you normally get is higher pitch you probably have 120 which means power supply filtering. 60 will be ground loop, wire routing, or possibly leaky heater-cathode insulation in one of the tubes.
try and tuck the new wiring to the edges of the chassis, especially anything that connects to the 120v power feeds. Twist the leads too if at all possible, it helps cancel hum fields.
If the leads are how they originally were, it ought to have been grounded already but not exactly sure how. Never worked on this model so the physical details a If the wires come right out of the transformer and don't go anywhere else I don't see how that was done. There should be a connection to the + side as well for the feedback circuit. Schematic shows a 39k resistor ties to the + speaker lead, so that would be your feedback connection. Normally the output transformer leads go to a terminal strip or something where other things are connected, and then out to the speakers. You may have to trace things out a bit to see if or where that 39k resistor is.