In a ported speaker-a piece of 2" acoustic foam behind the woofer should be sufficient.
In a sealed enclosure, as Vance Dickason points out-fiberglass is still the best choice, because it tames the woofer impedance peak, lower the Q, as well as F3, better then poly, per given weight. The new fiberglass is long stranded and has round ends.
If you put it in a pillow case (for use behind the woofer), or linen if lining the walls, it's pretty much self contained.
Poly works best in small enclosures. You fully stuff them.
The issues with larger enclosure are best suited using fiberglass, because even fully stuffing the enclosure with poly, won't work as well as fiberglass. And when you fully stuff a enclosure, you start encountering friction losses very quickly.
You just have to use common sense when dealing with, and handling fiberglass-nothing to freak out about.
Roughly a lb per cubic foot works. The least amount to do the job is best, because even if not fully stuffed-friction losses do make a difference.
Tune by ear, or measure the woofer Q, or build a simple damping tester.

If a enclosure is built correctly-and to size-it should just need enough to deal with standing waves. 1" fiberglass batting behind the woofer.