A shock absorber must consist of spring and damper.
your wrong, the shock absorber controls the suspension spring (length in time) of the spring jounce. it's the spring that supports the weight of the vehicle, or in this case, the subchassis, platters, arm. Its the mass, of the above that sets the resonate (filtering -12db per octave) rate of the spring
F= (10/D)1/2 . The foam in the springs has zero effect on that
The foam wedges are the dampers. Remove these, and shocks are not absorbed. Try walking on a suspended floor with an LP12 on a coffee table. Also, since the foam has both stiffness/compliance and a slight amount of mass, the compression rate is indeed altered.
The mass of the foam is 0 to the suspension, as it is not suspended. The base of the table has no effects on the suspension rate, because it is not suspended either.
As a feature of having dampers as well as springs, the suspension on an RD11 is damped, and as such the unit does not have the vertical multiple-bounce that the otherwise identical LP12 has.
The upper and lower rubber grommets provide the spring damping in a Linn, along with the inherent spring spine in each spring due to un-equal compression rates of the three. Get the spine alignment wrong and the Linn suspension won't freakin jounce.