UPDATE:
(Late '50s Motorola Hi-Fi mono turntable)
Following the advice I acquired here, I spent some time at a local radio shop today. The proprietor had, of all things, a working table-top tube tester. Not only did he test all of the tubes from my chassis, but he bench-tested the rig to discover good pots (I was convinced one was bad) and one faulty segment in the power filter.
I walked out of there with replacement caps, a good tube and a good power filter. Due to a cheapo soldering iron, I was only capable of replacing all of the caps and the tube - I wasn't able to get the power filter swapped out.
I couldn't help but to hook it all back up and throw on an Allman Brothers album. Wow, man... this thing is dangerously loud. I had no idea how strong a 50+ year old Jensen woofer could be. I didn't push it over the edge, though.
This old turntable is an outstanding example of how one can feel music and not just hear it. Very cool, indeed.
Now, on to the technical question: what does the power filter do, and why does my Hi-Fi sound great even though the power filter is said to have a bad section?
Thanks again.