What this circuit is:
Input/voltage gain stage direct coupled to phase splitter/driver.
(drivers are what sit in front of your output tubes)
Same basic type of circuit used in say an Dynaco ST-70 or even an Eico ST-40
(among others)
But unlike the Dynaco's we are triode strapping the pentode section for our gain
block here since we don't need the gain a pentode would provide, also the tubes
seem to be a little more consistent triode strapped as well here.
(I also feel the tube sounds better triode strapped)
So yes, the plate of the first tube (this case triode strapped pentode) is directly
connected to the grid of the second tube.
As to your last question, yes it does matter, when you connect the feedback, if
yu have it reversed the feedback will be positive(amp will get louder) an probably
squeal, just reverse the leads then, either the primary or the secondary.
(see if you can follow my pictures maybe for proper orientation)
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Confirm, but it looks like the "brown" leads from the output tranny is the cathode
section from the phase splitter an the blue/green are from the plates, so it looks.