When you ground the black lead on the chassis, it is attached to the 0 voltage reference point. Then measure by touching the red lead to the point you want to measure, so you get a dc voltage on the meter relative to your ground reference. If the point is a positive dc voltage you get a positive voltage reading. If it is a negative voltage the meter displays a - sign along with the voltage, this lets you know it is a negative voltage relative to the ground reference. If you are measuring across a component a dc voltage will show as positive if the red lead is on the + side of the component and the black lead is on the negative side of the component. If you swap the leads around on the same component you will get the same voltage, but the polarity is reversed so the meter will show a - sign.
Many reading are taken with the black lead on ground so the meter displays the voltage with the true polarity referred to ground. So . . .
I take written notes when I have a large or difficult troubleshooting process to go through. If the meter shows a positive voltage write it down as + vdc, if it is negative write it down as - vdc. The polarity is just as important as the numerical value for many readings.
Clip Black lead to ground, leave it there for now. Use the red lead to make measurements, one at a time and record each one. The points to measure are on the pads:
Measure the dcv at pins 0 and 1 on both module/channels:
Left channel pin 0:
Left channel pin 1:
Right pin 0:
Right pin 1:
Copy the little chart from my post and paste it into yours, then put the voltage readings you have in your notes for those locations after the :
I am going to attach a copy of my notes from a repair so you can see how I do it. You will develop your own style.
The meters are still maxing out at over the 30W range.
