I am always interested in the "best" vintage turntable for $XXX question. Here are my observations:
If you go by the MSRP for equipment when it was new, that question is pertinent. However, 40-50 years of use and abuse makes the question more complicated. Factors such as current condition and asking price and local market for used equipment (turntables have to be shipped vary carefully or they WILL get damaged) makes it more complicated.
My first table in 1977 was an entry level Sony PST3. Performed adequately, but not superbly by comparison to other, more expensive equipment in its time. However, I would compare its performance to just about any modern offering under $1K and would not hesitate to buy one in good working order for a couple hundred dollars (more than the MSRP in 1976).
I was recently given a very nice fully auto Hitachi turntable from about 1980. In its day, it wasn't anything super special, just a solid, DD, quartz lock table with a decent, not great, tonearm. Since it is pristine, the seller could have asked a fair amount. I would buy the Hitachi instead of any modern table I've seen for under $1k. By contrast, a higher end table from the same era in poor working order might fetch a price for parts or repair. However, it will likely be disappointing. A broken table won't sound good
When you find a vintage table for sale, do some research about it to insure it wasn't an absolute dog in its day. I believe any respectable table from the 70's and early 80's in good working order will likely provide adequate performance for a reasonable cost by today's standards. Makers like JVC, Technics, Pioneer, Sony, Kenwood, Dual, MicroSeiki, etc. come to mind. Japan was known for selling respectable, durable, mid level tables in that era that when in good working order, out perform a lot of entry level tables of today. Belt or DD is less important in this type of purchase than condition. Both belt and DD turntables can perform adequately, irrespective of the arguments about pros and cons of each.
In another example, I was able to score an absolutely pristine Kenwood KD550 for $100 (with Ortofon cartridge). The seller knew what they had, so I didn't cheat them, they wanted it to go to a good local home without problem of shipping damage. My local market is really limited in both supply and demand for used tables. I believe most would say I got a really good deal that could have cost me 6-8 times that had I "gone shopping" online or lived in a more populated area.
On the other hand, I have seen 1976 era BSR Mcdonald record "grinders" at thrift shops run by uninformed staff who think any turntable is valuable with an asking price of $100. I wouldn't touch those with a 10 foot pole in a give away even if in good working condition (unlikely) as I value my records and my sound reproduction.
Availability, condition, market and asking price all factor into vintage tables. There is no easy answer to "best for $XXX.
One last factor, a locally available vintage table that can be personally tested and brought home in the back seat is more desirable than an online, unknown condition table that needs to be shipped by people who don't know how to pack them...it WILL be damaged, likely beyond all repair.
IMHO...