Jensen Speaker Codes.
Jensen was a very popular maker of guitar amplifier speakers during the 1950s and 1960s. Fender and Gibson used them, and did many other makers. There are some other codes used on Jensen speakers, as shown below. The first set of codes shows the type of magnet, size and quality of the speaker.
The "P12R" identifies the type of
magnet, the size, and the quality
of the speaker.
The prefix code letter identifies the type of magnet used in the speaker. Prior to the 1950s, Field or ElectroMagnetic magnets were used. Instead of a permanently magnetic magnet, electricity was used to make the magnetic field. These became obsolete with good Alnico magnets and weren't used much past the 1940s. For the best guitar tone, it is generally agreed "permanenent" Alnico V was the magnet of choice. AlNiCo was the mainstay for decades because it produced a strong magnet which worked great in speakers. It was largely discontinued because of higher cost compared to newer materials (there are other rare earth metals now, such as samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron aka NIB that are now often used). Also Ceramic magnets were cheaper to make than Alnico, hence their usage in the 1960s instead of Alnico.
Prefix Codes:
F = "Field" magnet, which is a powered magnet (often with a small transformer mounted on the speaker).
EM = Electro Magnetic or Electronic Musical (electronic musical instrument speaker, 6"x9" to 15")
P = "Permanent" magnet, Alnico V. At some point in the 1960s Jensen stopped using Alnico V magnets (and used ceramic magnets instead), but kept the "P" prefix!
PM = Permanent Magnet, mostly AlNiCo type (or other earth metal combinations)
C = ceramic
NEO = Permanent Magnet NIB type (newest variety)
The number is the size of the speaker. Jensen made speakers from 4" to 18" sizes.
The suffix code letter identifies the quality of the speaker. Jensen speakers came in varying quality levels. They had a Professional series, a Concert series, and a Standard series. The closer the suffix code letter is to "A", the higher the quality of speaker. For guitar amplifiers, the Concert series is considered the best (the professional series is too efficient and doesn't "break up", the Standard series is too whimpy and can't handle any power). Here are the series code letters:
Professional series: letters J,K,L (made in 18" and 15" sizes only).
Concert series: letters N,P,Q,R (made in 8", 10", 12", 15" sizes). Best for guitar amps.
Standard series: letters S,T,U,V,W,X (codes U,W,X only came 8" and smaller).