A open tube attached to a driver will resonate at odd quarter wavelengths, and if you put the driver 1/3 of the way down you get the resonance of the whole tube, the short end, and the long end, so rather than one enormous resonance, you get a more distributed set. Add more tube of more lengths, and you get more distribution -- that's the idea behind Stuart Hegeman's very interesting speakers of the 70s, now being sold by someone in Canada, I think -- a whole set of tubes of diffferent lengths. It's also the idea behind Tapered Quater Wave Resonantors, though the tapering smooths the resonances somewhat. Its arguable whether or not it is the actual reason that transmission lines work, but that is a very complicated issue.
Resonances are useful for getting volume, but are obviously a disaster for smooth response, unless you do the Hegeman thing (and there you actually are sacrificing the really low end for smooth mid bass). So for a long time, when smoothness of response was the goal, and acoustic suspension speakers were the means, pipes were out of fashion. Then along cam SETs, and Bose and tiny speakers and subwoofers and suddenly one, two or three note bass became more congenial...