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Most passive coaxials use a lighter small cone which radiates the higher frequencies which the larger, heavier cone cannot move quickly enough to reproduce - the crossover is mechanical (Good well known examples are the Lowthers, Fostexes and Corals, but there are many others out there including some new production ones). A smaller number of full range passives use either a small central area that is connected to the outer part of the cone through a compliant section (Altec Biaxials do this, but larger than you want), or simply tailor the flare and thickness/stiffness of the cone to have a sort of progressive change in frequencies radiated (the Western Electric 8 inch is a highly sought version of this, but there are quite a few others).
Another option, of course, is simply using a long excursion small driver, perhaps in multiples (The various iterations of the Ted Jordan driver is a well known example).