Columbia/Denon
Columbia is the origin, DenOn the later front name ; DenOn was by far the most present advertiser in Japan between the early 1970s up to the mid 1990s.
Production-wise, Columbia was originally (1960s/70s) delegated to low-end duties (compacts, boomboxes, small turntables etc) but the tag is the one found on most DH series open-reel (some based on TEAC drives) and many late 70s/1980s turntables like the DP-6700 (but the DP-6000 itself is Denon-tagged...), DP-47F or DP-59L/M, the latter also seing T.O.C. T-tags...
After the launch of CD, Columbia handled many Denon CDPs (high & low) and Denon all the rest. It's the same company in the end, just different routes regarding contracts, manufacturing and distribution.
Denon also built in the late 1980s for Hitachi with the Lo-D HA-9100D digital integrated amp which was a straight rebadge of the PMA-890D, down to the functions scripting ; also the Lo-D DAT-8000 which was a DTR-2000G (both with a Matsushita RAA1001 mechanism

and the DA-505D which was a DCD-1290. Matsushita also provided Columbia with several lineups of LD players.
Worth noting, several early to mid 1970s PMA-xxx models have a very striking proximity with Monarch models.
Between 1970 and 1979, Columbia also organized a mainly-export (and mainly Europe) outfit to manufacture and distribute low-end lineups ; these components all have a sort of "pearly" logo (a round black dot is added to each D E N O N letter and the font is completely different) and were often made by KWAI (GA-65 for instance but also compacts, all-in-ones, turntables, receivers - etc). Some of these were released in Japan under the "LSA" brand name, before the DenOn outfit took over the "serious" audio segment of the entire Columbia production.
Strangely, for once, that KWAI T-tag was not omitted despite the fact all this was export-only ! This was probably set by Columbia to cash in on the Denon name without lowering the original brand itself. However, all components bear the "11" serial number prefix which denoted "in-house" Denon until the mid 1980s... Maybe a mix between Columbia and Monarch initiated by an ambitious Hong Kong marketing engineer.
Denon had another secondary/lesser lineup (PMA-255 for instance) which bore a very different scripting close the Fraktur font family (odd choice), the components of which had a "12" s/n prefix.
Recently, unlike Marantz since the second D&M sale, Denon has kept its own "Denon" T-tag, but builds more and more in China (like Marantz...).
CKK (Denon DP-50L/M /55L /60L/M /790 /1800 /30F, DRS-230 /300 /370 ; possibly independent at first then integrated into Columbia.)
T.O.C (Columbia, Denon CDPs, DP-59L/M, PMA-300V /390 /590 /715RG /1000G, TU-400 /290G /7.5E /7.5S, DRS-810G, SE-15 compact, AVC-700 ; also LSA sub-brand k7, Diatone compacts like MC-160, Hitachi a/v receivers like HA-V7 /V1 and amps like HA-9100D)
T-Denkai (Columbia, Denon CDPs and almost all Denon k7, PMA-1090 /1090G /1000II /S10II but also the... Nakamichi SR-40 or Hitachi HA-V6)
Niccol (or "Nicol" later on ; Nippon Columbia subsidiary producing in Taiwan, Korea, and now China Korea ; Denon CDPs and DP-38F, TU-F10G, Columbia CDV-550... but also Hitachi all-in-ones like HRT-231)
Kitsuregawa (DP-60M, DP-30L)
Columbia M (DP-51F /31F, DP-67L /67M)